Play,
games and toys are as old as human history. Play, as this whole section shows,
can take many forms. Games contain set patterns and shared
rules.
These may be adapted, but the number of ways they can be played is limited.
Playing with toys is more exploratory, as they can potentially be played with
in infinite ways.
Tensions
between freedom and control exist in the activity of playing a game. Within
the pull and exhilaration of exercising free-flowing ideas and actions up to
controlled limits the experience of 'good gameplay' occurs: If you allow yourself
to let go too much, the game will collapse into
anarchy;
if you are too controlled there will be no
risk
or excitement. So in playing games, we need rules to follow, bend and perhaps
sometimes break.
Games
contain an element of competition, even if you're only competing with yourself.
But, when playing with others, they also involve collaboration, teamwork. Is
the aim of playing to win or to take part? From board games to Game Boy
to playground Tag, games designers try to ensure that the experience of participating
is rich and exciting even if you don't win. But nobody wants to lose - or do
they?
Sport
is the collective, public, organised form of gameplaying, governed by official
bodies, who set agreed standards and regulations. But sport is a cultural phenomenon
too, since it is an interest shared by so many. Consequently, there are many
conventions,
rituals
and behaviours which have become associated with it.
For
instance there are beliefs and opinions about who should compete and who can
observe. There are assumptions about how athletes should look and behave. There
are even shared codes among fans and spectators. And in its quest for perfection,
the sporting world has all the same prejudices and discrimination as the rest
of society.
Sport
is a huge industry involving lucrative sponsorship deals and big prize money,
so image can be very important. But while some world class athletes are multi-millionaires,
others have to keep a 'day job' to support their achievements. Many sports people
become celebrities, lauded for their skills, but being in the public eye means
any
transgression could bring a fall
from grace.
Feng Meng Bo's work, in both paint and multimedia, is very influenced by
computer games, and Keith Piper is a multimedia artist who investigates the
diasporic identities of Black people,
including sporting figures. Other artists to investigate are: